Unpleasant Design in Disguise: Bike Racks & Boulders as Defensive Urbanism

A lot of so-called “defensive design” is explicit and easy to spot, like sloped benches or anti-homeless spikes to prevent rough sleeping. But in some cases, the designs are more subtle, masquerading as aesthetic improvements or even other kinds of public infrastructure — sprinklers, for instance.
Read more: https://99percentinvisible.org/article/unpleasant-design-disguise-bike-racks-boulders-defensive-urbanism/?source=Snapzu